(ء) – (ع) – (غ) – (ح) – (خ)

2              pronounced as a stop in the word, as in the Cockney pronunciation of the word “Bottle” – bo2le

3              pronounced as the sound “Ah” but from deep in the throat

3’            pronounced as the last letter in the French word “Bonjour”; or the first letter in the German word “Rennen”

7              pronounced as the sound you make when you breathe on your glasses to clean them

7’            pronounced as the “ch” in the Scottish “lock”; the first sound in the Russian word “ХОРОШО”; the first sound in the Spanish word “Justo”